Corriere Liceo Aeronautico "Locatelli"

La Guardia Imperiale: uno tra i più famosi corpi militari della storia. È stata creata nel 1804 da Napoleone Bonaparte e trae la sua origine dalla Guardia dell’Assemblea Nazionale, nata il 20 giugno 1789, che prese poi il nome di Granatieri della Gendarmeria nel 1792. Nel 1795 cambiò ancora il nome in Granatieri della Convenzione e poi in Guardia del Direttorio. La sua denominazione mutò, per l’ennesima volta, in Guardia Consolare dopo l’ascesa di Napoleone come Console e, infine, in Guardia Imperiale.

Durante la sua storia la Guardia aumentò il numero dei suoi effettivi: dalla Battaglia di Marengo (1800), dove vennero impiegati 2.100 uomini, si passò ai 56.000 della campagna di Russia (1812) per raggiungere i 112.500 uomini nel 1814. La Guardia Imperiale, oltre a comprendere fanti, era costituita da cavalieri, artiglieri, marinai e genieri, divisa per anzianità in Vecchia Guardia, Guardia di Mezzo e Nuova Guardia.

La Vecchia Guardia era l’unità di spicco della Grande Armata napoleonica e le sue truppe erano veterani che avevano combattuto da tre a cinque campagne militari. I Granatieri a piedi della Guardia Imperiale rappresentavano il fulcro di questa unità ed erano composti dagli uomini più anziani ed esperti dell’intero esercito francese. Il 15 aprile 1806 il primo reggimento Granatieri a piedi venne affiancato da un secondo reggimento, i Cacciatori a piedi, e il 13 settembre del 1810 venne istituito un terzo reggimento composto dai Granatieri della Guardia Reale Olandese. Un quarto reggimento venne reclutato il 9 maggio 1815, ma, dopo poco, venne sciolto. Vi era inoltre un reggimento di Granatieri a cavallo a cui si era poi unito uno squadrone di Mamelucchi (truppe arabe a cavallo), reparti di artiglieri, di Marina e del Genio. Successivamente si aggiunsero un reggimento di Dragoni (uomini a cavallo armati di spada, pistole e moschetto) e due di Lancieri.

La tipica uniforme di questa unità era composta da indumenti bianchi, una giubba blu scuro con risvolti sul petto e passamani bianchi, polsini e risvolti delle falde rossi, mentre il colbacco era decorato con un fregio di rame di un’aquila coronata, un pennacchio rosso e cordini bianchi. Tutti i bottoni della divisa erano in ottone ed erano decorati con l’aquila imperiale.

Nel 1806 venne istituita la Guardia di Mezzo che, anche se godeva di fama minore rispetto alla Vecchia Guardia, dimostrò in varie battaglie il proprio valore. L’unità era divisa in Fucilieri-Granatieri della Guardia Imperiale (creati nel 1807, sciolti nel 1814 e ricostituiti l’anno dopo), Fucilieri-Cacciatori della Guardia Imperiale (istituiti nel 1806, spesso a fianco dei fucilieri, sciolti nel 1814) e Marinai della Guardia Imperiale (nati nel 1803 con il compito di essere l’equipaggio del vascello che, nella pianificata invasione dell’Inghilterra, avrebbe dovuto portare Napoleone sull’isola). Napoleone definì questi ultimi l’unità più versatile dell’esercito francese, potendo essere impiegati come marinai, fanti o artiglieri.

Nel 1809 venne costituita la Nuova Guardia, composta da soldati che avevano combattuto almeno una campagna e dalle migliori reclute dell’anno, suddivisi in 9 reggimenti.

Appartenere alla Guardia Imperiale, oltre a essere motivo di orgoglio per i suoi soldati, portava anche vantaggi sia economici (i salari erano più alti rispetto al resto dell’esercito), sia sul campo di battaglia (gli equipaggiamenti erano migliori e le razioni speciali).

Anche se la Guardia rappresentava la punta di diamante dell’esercito napoleonico, l’Imperatore la utilizzò solo in caso di necessità e, in molte battaglie, venne tenuta nelle retrovie come riserva. Nonostante questo la fama della Guardia Imperiale non calò mai e non fu intaccata neanche nell’ultima grande battaglia di Napoleone: Waterloo. Secondo alcune testimonianze, mentre gran parte dell’esercito francese si stava ritirando, alcuni reggimenti della Vecchia Guardia, con avvolta l’asta della loro bandiera in un tessuto nero a simboleggiare che non si sarebbero mai arresi, rimasero in formazione sul campo di battaglia. Quando gli inglesi intimarono la resa ai francesi, il generale Pièrre Jacques Étienne, barone dell’Impero e successivamente visconte di Cambronne, rispose: “La Garde Impériale meurt et ne se rend pas!” (“La Guardia Imperiale muore, ma non si arrende!”). Dopo aver intimato la resa altre due volte gli inglesi decisero di attaccare. Fu un massacro per entrambi gli schieramenti. Il mito della Vecchia Guardia non tramontò con la sua fine: il suo nome rimase sinonimo di valore, determinazione e onore.

Riccardo Bernocchi, 4 B Scientifico

Here’s the first “space car”: the brand-new Midnight Cherry Tesla Roadster, an electric car from Tesla Motors. It will be the first payload of the Falcon Heavy, world’s most powerful rocket from SpaceX. The launch is scheduled in January at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

Elon Musk, owner of both Tesla Motors and SpaceX, twitted the news declaring that the car will reach Mars while playing “Space Oddity” from David Bowie. The Falcon Heavy is made of three Falcon 9 in parallel (Falcon 9 is the rocket currently used by the company to ship satellites in space and supplies to the International Space Station). As Falcon 9 has 9 engines, the Heavy is powered by 27 kerosene-oxygen engines. “The thrust is going to be impressive”, pointed up Musk, “anything could happen.”. Due to its composite structure a failure of the Falcon Heavy has already been taken in count. During the last days the rocket has been carried to the launch pad for a first engine ignition test. If it will be successful the official lift–off may happen before the end of January. The launching has been designed so that both the boosters (basically the two side rockets) and the main stage will come back on Earth in three different locations. Next, they will be reconditioned and reused.

The boosters should re-enter approximately near the coasts of Florida while the main stage should land on a floating platform in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

Falcon Heavy itself measures 70 meters and weighs about 1,4 million kilograms when fully loaded. According to the project it can ship 64 tons in low-orbit around Earth and 17 tons towards deep space. If the plan will succeed SpaceX could finally start trips to the Moon and Mars.

Alessandro Ferrari, 5 A Scientifico

Il futuro è più vicino che mai: alcune aziende automobilistiche si sono messe all’opera per creare auto che possano circolare senza pilota, in piena autonomia.

Queste autovetture sono normalissime auto che, di serie, montano però gadget veramente all’avanguardia: in particolare vengono inseriti sensori che sondano tutto ciò che circonda il veicolo, dai cartelli alle persone, da altre autovetture a qualsiasi altro ostacolo. Questa caratteristica è simile a quella di un radar o un gps, ma con una risoluzione finale molto migliore. Grazie a tutto questo l’auto, o meglio il software in essa contenuto, riesce a muoversi in ambienti sconosciuti, a creare una mappa e a localizzarsi in quella mappa. Questa caratteristica in particolare ha un nome: Slam, simultaneous localization and mapping. Tutto ciò è già stato importato sui robot.

La Sae International, ente di normazione per l’industria automobilistica, nel 2014 ha emanato uno standard denominato J3016 che individua sei diversi livelli di guida autonoma.

Esistono molte case automobilistiche che si sono dedicate a questo progetto. La Volkswagen ha creato Junior, una Passat con guida robotica. Anche la Nissan e la Mercedes non sono state a guardare: la prima ha creato Nissan Ids e l’altra ha costruito il Mercedes Future Track 2025, che ha percorso 110 chilometri.

Nel 2016 è stato invece lanciato il primo software open source per la guida autonoma. Fantascienza? Non è proprio così: se Volkswagen, Nissan e Mercedes hanno creato solo prototipi, Tesla è già un passo avanti. Famosa soprattutto per le sue auto elettriche, Tesla è infatti riuscita a costruire un’auto che, senza pilota, ha percorso un tragitto di media lunghezza: esiste un video in cui si mostra il funzionamento di questa vettura, con il presidente e amministratore delegato di Tesla, Elon Musk, che viene mostrato al suo interno.

Simone Nocenti, 2 B Scientifico

Elon Musk is a multi-billionaire, cofounder, CEO and product architect of Tesla, founder, CEO and CTO of the Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX), president of SolarCity (solar energy services), co-founder of PayPal (online payment system) and OpenAl (a non-profit artificial intelligence research company), promoter of Hyperloop (superfast Transport system) and in 2016 founder of “the Boring Company” and more…

What else? He invested in all that has to do with our near future: electrical cars, space exploration programs, renewable energies etc.

He’s known not just for his business ability but also for his extravagances which is a perfect summary of brilliance and eccentricity but also for his infinite determination, motivation, mentality and confidence. It’s incredible how this man built a colossal business and technological empire in just few years!

Well, but, how did he start?

Elon Reeve Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa from a Canadian model and dietician and a South African electromechanical engineer, pilot and sailor. His childhood was not so happy: his parents divorced when he was very young and he lived between his mother’s and father’s house. He was bullied by his school mates (and once he was thrown down from a flight of stairs and bitten until he lost consciousness) because he was a nerdy, shy, sci-fi passionate and unsociable teenage. He was so sci-fi passionate that he read lots of books and at age of 10 he developed interest in computing with the Commodore VIC-20 (8-bit home computer). He learned computer programming and at 12 he created and sold for $ 500 c.a., the code for a BASIC- video game called Blastar to a technological magazine.

He was early educated at a private English-speaking preparatory school and then he graduated from Pretoria Boys High School. After obtaining the Canadian citizenship through his mother (to avoid the required military service for white males in South Africa) he was accepted in Queen’s University of Kingston (Ontario) for an undergraduate education and after this he transferred to the University of Pennsylvania where he obtained a bachelor’s degree in economics and a second bachelor’s in physics.

Then he won an admission to the prestigious doctoral program at Stanford University in California, where he planned to concentrate on Ph.D. in energy physics.

He moved in 1995 when Internet boom began and he decided to quit University and began working in this new technological field. He founded, with his brother Kimbal, Zip2 (which provided online content). In 1999 the AltaVista division of Compaq bought Zip2 for 307 million dollars in cash and 34 million in stock option.

In 1999 he invested that money on X.com, an online service payment through email and a year later he founded Confinity (now known as PayPal). In 2002 eBay bought it for 1,5 billion dollars. In the same year he built his third company, the famous SpaceX, investing 100 million dollars: SpaceX is taking care of projecting and building launch system partially reusable (Falcon 1 and Falcon 9) and space vehicles for orbital human and cargo transport (like Dragons).

In 2003 he founded Tesla Motors which passed many difficulties during the crisis of 2008-2009. Recently he founded SolarCity, he is also working on a high velocity train (Hyperloop) that will connect Los Angels and San Francisco in 35 minutes, he is also doing research on a Molecular called Halcyon (the goal is to discover cure for many illnesses and to extend life duration and quality), OpenAl and Neuralink (a neuro technological start-up to connect human brain to artificial intelligence). He also received many awards such as two honours causa in design at Art Center College of Design (Pasadena, California) and in aerospace engineering at Surrey University (England).

He works 100 hours per week dedicating 12 hours to job, 6 hours for sleeping and the remaining hours to spare time. He’s a great hard worker who wants to change the world, realizing and accomplishing every goal he sets, risking all, daring, falling and rising again each time.

Some people say he’s crazy, out of his mind, but I think that he is really ambitious and that desire is so high that no one or nothing can stop him.

Celine Polepole, 3 B Scientifico

È stata intitolata “Youth in Iceland” la rivoluzione culturale che, grazie a un mix di divieti, coinvolgimento in attività sportive e creative e stretto lavoro tra scuola e genitori, ha fatto sì che in meno di 20 anni (dal 1998 al 2016) si riducesse dal 48% al 5% il numero di adolescenti a stretto contatto con sostanze dannose.

Il progetto inizia nel 1992 in Islanda, ma nasce a New York da una tesi di dottorato di tale Harvey Milkman, che ha concluso che l’utilizzo di droghe e alcol deriva prevalentemente dai problemi nella gestione dello stress. È stato condotto un sondaggio in Islanda tra adolescenti di età compresa tra i 15 e i 16 anni e i risultati sono stati sconvolgenti: il 25% dei ragazzi fumava ogni giorno e il 40% si era ubriacato meno di un mese prima. Dal sondaggio è emerso anche un altro aspetto: i ragazzi che praticavano sport o altre attività avevano un buon rapporto con scuola e genitori ed erano meno propensi all’assunzione di alcol e droghe.

Per realizzare il progetto, il governo islandese ha imposto alcune leggi e divieti molto severi: ad esempio è stata vietata la pubblicità di alcol e fumo, la vendita di sigarette ai minori di 18 anni e di alcol ai minori di 20. inoltre è stata adottata una stretta collaborazione tra scuola e famiglia, con la proposta di sempre più attività sportive e artistiche che tenessero i ragazzi occupati nel tempo libero, ed è stato infine imposto un “coprifuoco” per i ragazzi tra i 13 e i 16 anni alle 22 nel periodo invernale e alle 24 in quello estivo.

Il progetto ha ottenuto risultati clamorosi e l’Islanda è passata dall’essere lo stato col maggior numero di consumatori di droghe a essere quello con gli adolescenti più “puliti” d’Europa.

Questo progetto potrebbe essere una svolta per le nuove generazioni europee, se solo applicato: non sembra però essere condiviso dagli altri stati europei, dato che “Youth in Europe” esiste solo in pochissime singole città europee.

Gaia Bassi, 2 B Scientifico

Sikhism is a religion that originated in Punjab, India at the end of the 15th century. This religion is based on the sacred scriptures contained in the holy book named “Guru Granth Sahib”; Granth is an hindi word which means book. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of ten Guru and teaches that God last forever. God can’t be seen, has no body, he has created the universe and also can destroy it or keep it running, and spreads his thought by ten Gurus.

A Sikh temple is called Gurudwara that means house of Guru. Mainly the Gurudwara has 4 doors, which are called the door of peace, the door of livelihood, the door of learning and the door of grace; when a person enters in a Gurudwara his head must be covered, he must remove his shoes and sit on the floor as all the other people. The Guru Granth Sahib is positioned in an upper level to demonstrate his higher spirituality.

In the Sikh temple there is also an open mess to everyone and at the end anyone can eat for free.The most important festival is “Vaisakhi” held on the 13th or 14th April. In 1699 the nine Guru, Guru Gobind Singh laid down the foundation of the “Panth Khalsa” (or Sikh community) by baptizing Sikh warriors, to defend  religious freedoms. The baptism consists in the administration of a mix of water and sugar, stirred with a double-edged sword in an iron bowl; this is called “Amrit” and this ceremony is accompanied with recitation. Guru Gobind Singh also introduced a new surname that is Singh (lion) for men and Kaur for women. This was done to fight the cast system and also because in the Sikhism all people are equal.

A baptized Sikh must carry 5 symbols the so called 5 K: Kesh (uncut hair) symbolises the membership of the group, uncut hair symbolises adoption of simple life and denial of pride in one’s appearance and also because hair are a part of God creation so you shouldn’t cut it; Kara (steel bracelet) is a symbol of restraint and gently; Kachera (special underwear) is a symbol of chastity; Kanga (wooden comb) symbolises a clean mind and body and also a duty is to keep the hair clean and combed at least twice a day; Kirpan (sword) is for self defence.

Baldev Singh, 4 B Tecnico

Il Bitcoin è una moneta elettronica creata nel 2009 da un anonimo, conosciuto con lo pseudonimo di Satoshi Nakamoto. A differenza delle valute e fisiche convenzionali, il Bitcoin è caratterizzato da un sistema decentralizzato; infatti non è presente un ente che ne regoli la valuta: quest’ultima è determinata dal rapporto tra domanda e offerta.

Il Bitcoin sfrutta un database distribuito sulla rete di internet per tenere traccia delle transazioni tra gli utenti che sono visibili in tempo reale in diversi siti.

Ogni utente può possedere un portafoglio e un numero illimitato di copie di chiavi, composte da una chiave pubblica e una privata.

Le chiavi pubbliche sono utilizzate come punto di ricezione o invio di monete, mentre quelle private appongono una firma digitale alla valuta. Le chiavi pubbliche non contengono le informazioni personali del proprietario.

In una transazione l’utente 1 aggiunge a una determinata somma di denaro la chiave pubblica dell’utente 2, insieme alla propria chiave privata, che verrà verificata durante il trasferimento. Questo procedimento impedisce all’utente di riappropriarsi dei Bitcoin che hanno ormai cambiato proprietà. Tuttavia se si dovesse perdere la chiave privata, cancellandola, il portafoglio con il denaro al suo interno verrà considerato perso e non potrà in alcun modo essere recuperato.

Per ottenere Bitcoin si può utilizzare il processo detto “mining”, cioè si dona la potenza di calcolo dei propri dispositivi quali pc, smartphone o tablet  per contribuire alla creazione, alla distribuzione e alla sicurezza dei Bitcoin. Circa sei volte all’ora la rete distribuisce a caso una somma di Bitcoin ai contribuenti: la somma varia in base alla quantità di potenza di calcolo che viene offerta.

Il Bitcoin al giorno d’oggi non solo può essere scambiato con servizi via internet ma, in determinati casi, anche con beni materiali. Ad esempio, l’università di Nicosia (Cipro) accetta Bitcoin come metodo di pagamento per le tasse universitarie; nella città di Zugo, in Svizzera, vengono utilizzati i Bitcoin per il pagamento di servizi pubblici quali sanità e trasporti.

Purtroppo il Bitcoin ha difetti non indifferenti: viene anche utilizzato come moneta nel Deepweb, dove viene scambiato con sostanze stupefacenti, armi, materiale pedopornografico e altri servizi illegali.

A causa della sua decentralizzazione e del meccanismo di scambio peer to peer, cioè in cui il cliente può essere anche servente, diventa impossibile l’intromissione degli enti governativi o privati e, perciò, il controllo della diffusione del Bitcoin.

Questa situazione è aggravata dal fatto che il Bitcoin segue il cosiddetto schema Ponzi, cioè un programma di vendita fraudolento che promette ingenti guadagni alle vittime a condizione che reclutino nuovi investitori.

L’anonimato della valuta ne compromette quindi la sicurezza e la trasparenza verso il cliente, che non ha garanzie che gli verranno restituiti i soldi investiti.

Mentre dibattito sulla legalità del Bitcoin si svolge, il suo valore continua ad aumentare: nei primi anni della sua realizzazione un Bitcoin corrispondeva a circa 35 dollari statunitensi, entro il 2013 il valore è salito 400 dollari e poco tempo fa era circa 18.000 dollari. Qualcuno ha previsto che entro la fine del 2018 il Bitcoin potrebbe raggiungere il valore di 50.000 dollari. Si stima anche che il numero di Bitcoin prodotti si fermerà nel 2033 a circa 2,1 milioni, causando così un aumento di valore spropositato, con i relativi pro e contro.

Michele Bramati, 2 B Scientifico

In questi anni i ragazzi hanno sempre più apprezzato i videogiochi: alcuni di loro si sono addirittura innamorati di questo passatempo, tanto da preferire un’ora passata davanti alla consolle piuttosto che un’ora con i propri amici al parco.

Gli sviluppatori di questi giochi hanno notato questo incremento di giocatori e hanno deciso di creare una nuova branca dello sport, chiamata E-sport. Questa nuova disciplina consiste in vere e proprie sfide e campionati a livello internazionale, per decretare chi sia il più forte nel controllare un avatar all’interno del videogioco.

Queste sfide inizialmente non hanno riscosso molto successo, ma con il passare del tempo sempre più squadre si sono iscritte a questi tornei. Quello che ha spinto sempre più team a iscriversi è stato senza alcun dubbio il montepremi messo in palio per chi riesce a vincere questi campionati.

Prendiamo l’esempio di “Rainbow Six: Siege”, un gioco di tattica militare creato dalla Ubisoft: anche questo gioco ha una sua lega composta da numerose squadre che si fronteggiano ogni anno per raggiungere il titolo di Migliore.

Questa lega si chiama Pro League e si disputa tutti gli anni intorno a novembre a San Paolo, in Brasile. I vincitori ricevono come premio ben 240.000 dollari statunitensi per la squadra: e questa vincita è una delle più basse a livello mondiale, visto che in alcuni casi le somme messe in palio dagli organizzatori ammontano anche a oltre mezzo milione di dollari.

La domanda che bisogna porsi a questo punto nasce spontanea: non è che un semplice videogioco, creato inizialmente per far svagare grandi e piccoli, non sia più solo un modo per divertirsi, ma anche un modo per fare business, a costo di perdere il gusto del giocare in gruppo?

Filippo Mondonico, 2 B Scientifico

È uscito il 15 dicembre 2017 il nuovo album di Eminem, il famoso rapper di Detroit, intitolato Revival. A quattro anni dalla sua ultima raccolta, l’artista si presenta con 19 tracce, toccando i generi rock, gospel, pop e, ovviamente, hip-hop e duettando con grandi artisti, come il giovanissimo cantautore britannico Ed Sheeran e alcune superstar del pop, come Beyoncé, Pink e Alicia Keys.

Grandi sono anche i temi trattati: Eminem parla della sua vita personale passata e attuale, delle sue idee politiche anti-Trump e dei suoi problemi, dalla ex moglie Kimberly Anne Scott (chiamata Kim nei testi), all’overdose da metadone che l’ha quasi ucciso nel 2005. Molte delle 19 tracce presentate riprendono argomenti di singoli pubblicati in passato, come Untouchable, considerato dalla critica l’evoluzione di White America. Questa è la traccia nella quale Eminem si schiera maggiormente, andando contro Trump e il razzismo, parlando del razzismo contro le comunità nere negli Stati Uniti e mettendosi nei panni dapprima di un poliziotto bianco e razzista, per poi immedesimarsi in un giovane nero, con rime contro i repubblicani su un loop di piano.

Scaricabile da Spotify, Apple Music o acquistabile dai principali venditori musical o sul sito ufficiale di Eminem, in bundle con un capo della nuova linea Revival, questo album è quindi ricco di emozioni, pensieri e critiche, che lo rendono unico e imperdibile.

Alessandro Donina, 2 A Scientifico

Last year an other corps de ballet was closed by the Italian government, that decided to cut funding addressed to the one in Verona.

In Italy there are thirteen opera and symphonic institutions and previously, for each of them, there was a corps de ballet, but nowadays only four of them survived: Milan, Rome, Naples and Palermo.

There are 1.400.000 young Italian people that study ballet and dream to become professional dancers, but even if they could succeed, they would be probably obliged to go away from Italy. In fact in the other states dancers are more protected by the governments, that allow the maintenance of lots of corps de ballet.

For example Germany has more than fifty corps de ballet and France has 95 local companies and corps de ballet. Having only four corps de ballet in a State with 60 millions of inhabitants can only be considered shameful. The government should support the ambitions of its citizens, and not destroy them by the elimination of the possibilities to find fulfilment. I really hope that in the future things will change and everyone will understand the importance of developing not only the ballet, but all the forms of art and I hope that people will put effort into improving the situation.

Giulia Magri, 5 A Coreutico

Tfil è il nome di un canale Youtube emergente, nato nel 2015: è americano ed è gestito dal suo creatore, Elton Castee, un giovane nato il 6 luglio 1990, che vive a Los Angeles con altri ragazzi. Elton è conosciuto anche perché ha una sua linea di abbigliamento, reperibile su Internet digitando “send it clothing co”, caratterizzata dal fatto che il 20 per cento del ricavato viene donato in beneficenza.

Castee su Tfil monta molti video, in cui compaiono quasi sempre i suoi coinquilini: Colby Brock, Aaron Doh, Corey Sherer e Sam Golback. Elton invece appare poche volte nei primi piani dei suoi video: anzi, vengono ripresi maggiormente i compagni e i luoghi che visitano e dove vivono le loro avventure. Sono infatti conosciuti per diverse azioni che no molti farebbero: ad esempio visitare luoghi che sono apparentemente infestati da spiriti, oppure abbandonati, o trascorrere la notte nella foresta Aokigahara. Quest’ultima è una foresta ai piedi del monte Fuji, in Giappone, tragicamente famigerata per i molti suicidi avvenuti lì.

Recentemente i cinque sono andati a Dubai, dove hanno nuotato con gli squali e altri pesci in un grande acquario; hanno anche cenato al “Dinner in he Sky”: è un posto su una particolare struttura che si eleva per un centinaio di metri, su cui ci sono camerieri pronti a servirti le pietanze ordinate mentre ammiri il territorio sottostante.

I ragazzi montano anche video meno elaborati, in cui rispondono a domande dei loro fan oppure in cui riprendono momenti della loro vita quotidiana. Se ne possono trovare anche altri in cui si fanno scherzi a vicenda: competono tra loro per decretare il vincitore della battaglia degli scherzi. Che dire, un canale tutto da seguire!

Maria Elena Vlagea, 2 B Scientifico

Anno nuovo, vita nuova e, vien da dire, cibo nuovo. Forse. Con il 2018 entrerà infatti in vigore il nuovo regolamento Ue sui Novel Food, che prevede il riconoscimento di  insetti o parti di essi come alimenti tradizionali di paesi esteri e quindi li immetterà nel commercio, nonostante il grande dissenso di gran parte degli italiani.

Da  gennaio 2018 la Commissione Europea scriverà un elenco dei Novel Food autorizzati alla commercializzazione nell’Unione Europea, tra questi ci saranno insetti e parti di essi, riconosciuti come nuovi alimenti o prodotti tradizionali esteri.

A dare la prima notizia è stata la Coldiretti durante il Forum Nazionale dell’Agricoltura e dell’Alimentazione, durante il quale ha anche riprodotto alcuni dei piatti che probabilmente vedremo comparire nelle nostre tavole a partire dal nuovo anno.

Questa novità, come riporta ancora Coldiretti a seguito di un’indagine, non sembra però piacere agli italiani; infatti solo il 16% della popolazione sarebbe favorevole all’introduzione di questi alimenti, contro il 54% sfavorevole e il restante indifferente o senza un’opinione riguardo.

La maggior parte degli italiani, secondo un’indagine dell’Università di Scienze Gastronomiche di Pollenzo, è sfavorevole a mangiare insetti interi, mentre già una parte in più accetterebbe l’idea di alimenti lavorati con parti di esse, come farine o pasta.

Magari in un futuro ormai presente saremo noi stessi a mangiare prelibatezze da pelle d’oca.

Marianna Ruggeri, 2 B Scientifico

Hello there, today, we’re going to discover together a little bit more of Chiara Ferranti’s world, one of the most famous influencer of the whole web. Who is Chiara Ferragni?

Chiara, is an Italian business woman, blogger, fashion designer and model born in Cremona on May the 7th 1987.
She has always her luggage in her hands, in fact, she travels all around the world and she lives between Milan and Los Angeles.
Her career started in 2009 when she opened her own blog called “The Blond Salad”, a mix of photography, trips, lifestyle and fashion.

After the creation of the “TBS”, together with her boyfriend of that time, she transformed the blog into her own business and then she built up her first e-commerce online shop “Chiara Ferragni Collection” in which she sells clothes, shoes and accessorizes.

Because of her determination to achieve her dreams (be a fashion blogger and partner with the most important house of fashion), while her friends were playing videogames, she was building something that now is an empire.

Nowadays Chiara Ferragni is an example not just for teenagers but also for everyone who wants to fly high and pursue any kind of goals.

In one of her speech, she said: “My biggest satisfaction is that people think about me and smile, people love to dream through me”.

What characterizes her and what makes her one of the most loved influencer, is that “she is always the same on and off the social media”.

Nicole Nerborini, 4 A Tecnico

Violence against women is nowadays a common phenomenon which has very ancient roots in cultural attitudes and that, in various ages, dominated the way of understanding the relationship between man and woman. Women have always been considered inferior to men and destined to silent obedience.

The concept of classical Greek antiquity, where the woman is considered inferior to man by Platone, while for Aristotle the woman is “of weaker nature” since the “female body is incomplete”, authorizes submission.

Christianity resumes and confirms this submission; for St. Paul “women leaders are the man, a woman can’t teach, can’t say what she thinks but she must remain silent; from this conception the Catholic prohibited women to do  priestly duties.

The idea that women don’t have sexual needs, remains during the Middle age, the Renaissance and the following centuries: Emile Rosseau wrote that while “the man is active and strong, the woman is passive and weak”, hence derive that the sex relationship between the sexes has a character of violence believing that female sexuality is satisfied from child birth.

The recognition of a different value of women was born in Europe in the last century, with the ability of women to spread their ideas thanks to the suffragettes movement.

By the end of the 1960s, contraceptive led to greater sexual freedom for women. On a cultural level, violence is identified as a legal and illegal act depending female circumstances or civil status.

In the Bible, rape is a crime against property (man’s property), punishment for rape is death, not only for the kidnapper but also for the victim, if married.

There is an idea that women are responsable for rape, because during sexual violence they actually want a sexual intercourse and with their behaviour they excite men.

These ideas perpetuate aspects of female representation that aren’t no longer acceptable today.

Law 66 of 1996 on Sexual Violence against women basically modifies the way of representing rape, this law is a consequence of changes involving the woman’s image.

In 1976 Russel interviewed 900 women in the United States of America and found out that one on four had been raped.

Giada Ubiali, 5 A Coreutico

This summer I had the opportunity to make a survey about what English people think about Brexit. I interviewed about 20 people asking for their opinion about this controverse topic.

The result were quite surprising and quite different from what I (and I think all Italian people) believed.

Actually the majority of the interviewed think it isn’t useful for United Kingdom and they are scared about the future. In particular people between  30 and 60 are worried about future economy and travelling, especially for their sons.

They told me that even today some banks are leaving London, which will not be the economical centre in Europe anymore.

By the way, people over 60 agree in a positive way with Brexit, supporting by theory that there will be more control about immigration and more occupation for English citizens.

The younger are divided about this topic, infact someone thinks it could be a good change for the United Kingdom which would give them more job and more economical facilities. Someone is scared about travelling and exportation and foreign people contribute in social and economical life in England.

My survey was made on little numbers and of course 20 people can’t express the common thought in England, but it’s surprising discovering this division about Brexit, a political manoveur voted by the whole population, the same population which today is worried about the consequences of this “crazy decision”.

Alessandro Donzelli, 4 A Scientifico

Human mind is one of the most complex and awesome thing that could exist.

It’s often defined as a “centre of control” of the whole organism, essential on a physic level, but a potential destroyer on a psychologic level. Our mind allows us to escape from reality, makes revolutionary discoveries and take important decisions. We often think we have the complete control on it, but we don’t. On the contrary, it has the power to control us and our lives.

We’re its slaves, and as far as we can try to be independent , we’ll always be subdued to it. Think about pain. We live with it during our whole life, trying to find a therapeutic way to get rid of it or to relieve it, we talk about pain and say our opinion about it.

This is widely shown in literature. Lots of poets have a pessimistic point of view of life, of human condition and they show it in their work. For example we can quote Leopardi, who defined happiness as a transitory cessation of pain.

Every person has his pains and problems. How many times, after we experience a shock, or a simple delusion, do we intend not to think about it? We repeat  to ourselves and to the others that everything is fine, as we need a confirmation, we try to keep away everything that could make things worse and we keep going ahead…

Of course, we go ahead, if we’re  strong enough, if we receive the right support, but that wound will always be there.

And every promise we make to ourselves is actually useless because unconsciously or not, we’ll continue clinging on the past, at least during the first period, with photos, material objects, music but mostly with thoughts.

At this point our dear mind won’t leave us in peace until we can’t be able to make the rationality winning on the feelings, that isn’t an easy thing to do.

The pain is often due to a rejection of the present, of the change. The injured man hides in the past to find the peace in useless hopes that end revolting against us and destroying us on an emotional level. But “Be strong”, “You have to go ahead”, well that’s right but not everyone is strong enough.

Lots of people become slaves of the pain, throw the weapons away and give up and they could not be considered mere weak persons. All of this often becomes a real disturb or illness.

Scientists try to give a rational and scientific explanation and they are partially successful, but there are lots of things that can’t be totally explained with science.

For example, why could psychologic pain be worse than physical pain? They’re just impulses given by brain reactions, right?

I don’t think we can limit this. It is something intrinsic in human soul. Psychologic pain causes lots of negative effects  on the person who suffers from it.

Sometimes a sensation is felt on the chest, something similar to an ache, as our heart isn’t temporarily able to beat as before.

But time repairs everything, be patient and don’t give up. Mind controls us. It will repair everything, at the right time.

Francesca Ferraro, 3 B Scientifico

It is an ever growing phenomenon the choice made by Italian school directors of teaching some subjects in English.

This project is called CLIL (Content and language integrated learning)

It would become a revolutionary way to learn English. Lessons in CLIL-style includes an active interaction students/teacher learning another subject (History, Math, Science…).

Pupils are spurred to speak English as a normal activity feeling part of the lesson. Furthermore, it does not look like an English lesson at all: it is like discussing of different topics in another language.

According to whom tried this new teaching method, it works ten times better than the traditional one.

The aim of CLIL project is to improve the Italian level of knowledge of English with less effort: listening to an english-speaking person will seem natural and normal to students after some time, and their speaking skills will increase exponentially. And I know it because I am one of those students, I’ve been having six hours of CLIL lessons a week for three years, and now I am able to see the differences between my english-speaking skills and my friends’ ones, and it is huge.

So, I heartily suggest everyone to attend CLIL lessons at least for two hours a week, because they are extremely useful for your brain, your future, and your general knowledge as well.

Riccardo De Biasi, 4 A Scientifico

On 4^th October 1957, exactly sixty years ago, when the URSS launched its first satellite called Sputnik 1, the spatial era began. This satellite was a really small flying object with a sphere that measured 60 centimetres.

The satellite remained in the space until it finished its energy on 4^th January 1958.

That launch was made during the Cold War and it scared a lot the United States because they realized how much powerful the URSS was.

This fear caused by the URSS to the United States accelerated the run to the space that finished with the conquer of the Moon by the United States on 20^th July 1969 thanks to Mercury, Gemini and Apollo project.

Stefano Macchia, 2 A Scientifico

Thirteen reasons why is a Netflix series which came out in March 2017. Thirteen reasons why talks about the story of Hannah Baker, a 17 year old girl, the main character who, before committing suicide, decided to register 13 tapes in which she explained the thirteen reasons or more specifically, the 13 people who drove her into committing the Thirteen reasons why is a Netflix series which came out in March 2017. Thirteen reasons why talks about the story of Hannah Baker, a 17 year old girl, the main character who, before committing suicide, decided to register 13 tapes in which she explained the thirteen reasons or more specifically, the 13 people who drove her into committing the extreme action. The story takes place in October 2017. Hannah made the voice over and the episodes are viewed under Clay Jensen’s (the second main character) view while he is listening to all the tapes.

It all begins when, one day Clay Jensen finds a box in front of his house’s entrance: in that box there are 13 tapes recorded by Hannah Baker, the girl of the Liberty High School who killed  herself a week before. He picks a Walkman from his friend Tony, he went back home and began to listen to the first tape: “Hello boys and girls, Hannah Baker here. Live and in stereo. No return engagements, no encore. And this time? Absolutely no requests. I hope you’re ready, because I’m about to tell you the story of my life…more specifically, why it ended. And if you’re listening to the tapes, you’re one of the reasons why. I’m not saying which tape will bring you into the story but fear not if you received this lovely little box, your name will pop up. I promise.” Then she explains the rules that he must follow: he must listen to all the thirteen sides, rewind the tapes, put them in the box and pass them to the person who follows Clay in the recordings. Before she died she made a copy of the tapes that will be released in public if Clay doesn’t follow the rules. And during the period he’s listening to the recording he will be watched by someone who was assumed by her. The whole story is like a long chain: if one part of it missed, the rest of them wouldn’t exist. Also what happened to the 13 guys after, is a consequence of Hannah’s death and after listening to her tapes all enigmas were resolved.

The first tape talks about Justin Foley, basketball player and one of the most popular guy at the Liberty High. He knows Hannah at a party organized by her friend: they fell in love and one day they met at the park where they kissed and while she was coming down from the chute, he made a photo where Hannah’s underwear was visible and she was also photographed while she was kissing a friend of her. Then, a friend of Justin and the photographer shared these images on the web to all the students of the school and this was the beginning of Hannah’s bullying. She was bullied, laughed at, mocked rejected and excluded. She made friends with some new students. Jessica and Alex, two new students at the Liberty High school. They immediately became close friends and she felt very happy because she had someone to talk to and to share her adventures with; but she also began to feel excluded because these two  had more things in common: she also found out they were in love! She was jealous! This made her withdraw from their friendship, but when Jessica and Alex broke up, she was again accused by Jessica  as been responsible  because her name appeared as the “the best ass” in a list wrote by Alex so she thought that her ex boyfriend cheated on her with Hannah.

Hannah felt rejected by her friends and schoolmates, she was been bullied publicly and via web, she’s always been mocked scorned and laughed at, she was raped and was known as being cheap, cheater and a party girl. She was ashamed, scared and lonely she could no longer stand it, the pain, humiliation, loneliness and stress was too heavy for her to carry and she took the “easiest” road: suicide. Before deciding on taking her life, she shouted for help on her way! Leaving traces of her upcoming decisions, talking in proverbs, writing anonymous letters, leaving signals but nobody listens, nobody understands, nobody cares! Not even her parents! For example, in the last side of the tapes, Hannah pointed her school counsellor, Kevin Porter, as the 13th reason of her suicide: she saw him as the last chance to find a reason to continue living, but he just thought about saving the reputation of the school instead of listening carefully to Hannah’s problems and helping her to get out of that difficult situation.

I think the huge mistake Hannah made was not talking about what was happening to her parents, the only people who would always be there for her no matter what, those that love her unconditionally and understands her. Okay, her parents were busy and focused on their job, very shallow. They were so distracted that they never noticed some strange behaviours of their only daughter. They bought her a new brand car, a nice dress for her prom, but they didn’t give her what she really needed: their presence, love and help.

She was a teenager and as all teenagers she had many problems: during teenage years it is very important for us to talk to our parents, because they are the only people who can better understand us and can really help us. Hannah unfortunately, seeing her parents busy with their jobs, didn’t want to add more problems to them meanwhile she was trying to keep going without even realizing that she would never solved her troubles without opening up. Actually she was increasing them and they were hunting  and hurting her until she committed suicide.

This series has to be viewed with a critical mind and everyone has to watch it, because it makes you think about our lives, our way of living, our relationships and about the fact that every action could affect negatively or positively others lives even though we don’t realize it. Hannah said: “You don’t know what goes on in anyone’s life but your own. And when you mess with one part of a person’s life, you’re not messing with just that part. Unfortunately, you can’t be that precise and selective. When you mess with one part of a person’s life, you’re messing with their entire life. Everything… affects everything. No one knows for certain how much impact they have on the lives of other people. Oftentimes, we have no clue. Yet we push it just the same”.

Celine Polepole, 3 B  Scientifico

Surfing the Internet, and especially on Facebook and Twitter, it’s easy to find some wrong accents, apostrophes and surreal neologisms. 

The “Donkeys alarm” was launched by the “Accademia della Crusca” professors: linguists, literature professors, historians, jurists, pedagogues, writers, and political scientists are the ones who more often read theses and written assignments by universitarian students, who make basical mistakes. 

Italians don’t know anymore how to write and even speak correctly. It’s proved that teenagers often fail to expose on oral question with fluency and correct language.

Maybe the Italian schools should encourage the reading of the classics. Furthermore the spread of instant messaging app like Whatsapp, where thoughts are condensed into abbreviations, does not help…

Bad writing means bad thinking, so bad acting. In the professional schools the Italian language, Latin and philosophy are off. They have turned Leopardi and Italo Svevo in symbols of the superfluous. 

In our society, in this society, we exalt the cultural of acting, of immediately ready.

Beatrice Limonta, 4 A Coreutico